註釋

第1章 藍色臭蟲


1. Nancy C. Hinkle, 「Delusory Parasitosis,」 American Entomologist 46, no. 1 (2000): 17–25, http://www.ent.uga.edu/pubs/delusory.pdf (accessed August 2, 2011).

2. Vincent Racaniello, 「Virology 101,」 Virology Blog: About Viruses and Diseases, http://www.virology.ws/ virology-101/ (accessed March 1, 2011). Robert Kulwich, 「Flu Attack! How the Virus Invades Your Body,」 NPR.org [blog], October 23, 2009 (accessed March 1, 2011).





第4章 《摔角王》


1. Robert D. Siegel, The Wrestler,directed by Darren Aronofsky, Fox Searchlight, 2008.





第7章 再次上路


1. 「Basking in Basque Country,」 Spain … on the Road Again, PBS, New York, original broadcast date October 18, 2008.





第8章 靈魂出體的經歷


1. Epilepsy Foundation, 「Temporal Lobe Epilepsy,」 Epilepsyfoundation.org, http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/aboutepilepsy/syndromes/temporallobeepilepsy.cfm (accessed March 1, 2011). Temkin Owsei, The Falling Sickness: A History of Epilepsy from the Greeks to the Beginnings of Modern Neurology (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1971).

2. Alice W. Flaherty, The Midnight Disease: The Drive to Write, Writer’s Block and the Creative Brain (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2004), 27.

3. Akira Ogata and Taihei Miyakawa, 「Religious Experience in Epileptic Patients with Focus on Ictal-Related Episodes,」 Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 52 (1998): 321–325, http:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1440–1819.1998.00397.x/pdf.

4. Shahar Arzy, Gregor Thut, Christine Mohr, Christoph M. Michel, and Olaf Blanke, 「Neural Basis of Embodiment: Distinct Contributions of Temporoparietal Junction and Extrastriate Body Area,」 Journal of Neuroscience 26 (2006): 8074–8081.





第9章 瘋狂初現


1. CNN Money, 「Best Places to Live: 2005,」 Money.CNN.com, http://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/bplive/2005/snapshots/30683.html (accessed Thursday, April 12, 2012).

2. National Institutes of Health, 「Bipolar Disorder,」 NIH.gov, http://www.nimh.nih.gov/ health/publications/bipolar-disorder/nimh-bipolar-adults.pdf (accessed March 14, 2009).

3. Bipolar Disorder Today, 「Famous People with Bipolar Disorder,」 Mental-Health-Today.com, http://www.mental-health- today.com/bp/famous_people.htm (accessed March 14, 2009).





第15章 卡普格拉妄想症


1. Orin Devinsky, 「Delusional Misidentifications and Duplications,」 Neurology 72 (2009): 80–87.

2. Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, 「Seeing Imposters: When Loved Ones Suddenly Aren’t,」 NPR, March 30, 2010, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=124745692 (accessed May 4, 2011). V. S. Ramachandran and Sandra Blakeslee, Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind (New York: Morrow, 1998), 161–171.





第16章 癲癇病發後憤怒症


1. Orin Devinsky, 「Postictal Psychosis: Common, Dangerous, and Treatable,」 Epilepsy Currents, February 26, 2008, 31–34. Kenneth Alper et al., 「Premorbid Psychiatric Risk Factors for Postictal Psychosis,」 Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 13 (2001): 492–499. Akira Ogata and Taihei Miyakawa, 「Religious Experience in Epileptic Patients with Focus on Ictal-Related Episodes,」 Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 52 (1998): 321–325.

2. S. J. Logsdail and B. K. Toone, 「Post-Ictal Psychoses: A Clinical and Phenomenological Description,」 British Journal of Psychia- try 152 (1988): 246–252.

3. Michael Trimble, Andy Kanner, and Bettina Schmitz, 「Postictal Psychosis,」 Epilepsy and Behavior 19 (2010): 159–161.





第17章 多重人格障礙


1. The New York Times Health Guide, 「Schizophrenia,」 Health.nytimes.com, http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/schizophrenia/risk-factors.html (accessed February 20, 2010).

2. 「Dissociative Identity Disorder,」 in American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders — IV (Text Revision) (Washington, D.C.: American Psy- chiatric Association, 2 000), 526–529.

3. 「Bipolar Disorder,」 in ibid.





第18章 爆炸性新聞


1. P. A. Pichot, 「A Comparison of Different National Concepts of Schizoaffective Psychosis,」 in Schizoaffective Psychoses (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986), 8–16. A. Marneros and M. T. Tsuang, 「Schizoaffective Questions and Directions,」 in Schizoaffective Psychoses (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986).

2. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders — IV (Text Revision) (Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 2000), 319–323.





第21章 被中斷的死亡


1. Luke Dittrich, 「The Brain That Changed Everything,」 Esquire.com, October 5, 2010, www.esquire.com/features/henry-molaison-brain-1110 (accessed May 8, 2011). 「Histopathological Examination of the Brain of Amnesiac Patient H.M.,」 Brain Observatory, August 18, 2010, http://thebrainobservatory.ucsd.edu/content/histopathological-examination-brain-amnesic-patient-hm (accessed May 8, 2011). William Beecher Scoville and Brenda Milner, 「Loss of Recent Memory after Bilateral Hippocampal Lesions,」 Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 20 (1957): 11–21. Benedict Carey,「H.M., an Unforgettable Amnesiac, Dies at 82,」 New York Times, December 5, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/05hm.html?pagewanted=all(accessed May 8, 2011).

2. Deborah Wearing, Forever Today: A True Story of Lost Memory and Never-Ending Love (London: Corgi, 2006).

3. Oliver Sacks, 「The Abyss: Music and Amnesia,」New Yorker, September 24, 2007, http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/09/24/070924fa_fact_sacks (accessed September 13, 2011).





第22章 美麗的怪物


1. Michael O’Shea, The Brain: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005). Rita Carter, Susan Aldridge, Martyn Page, and Steve Parker, The Human Brain Book (London: DK Adult, 2009). Stephen G. Waxman, Clinical Neuroanatomy, Twenty-Sixth Edition (New York: McGraw Hill, 2010).

2. William F. Allman, Apprentices of Wonder: Inside the Neural Network Revolution (New York: Bantam, 1989), 3.





第24章 靜脈內注射免疫球蛋白治療


1. Falk Nimmerjahn and Jeffrey V. Ravetch, 「The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of IgG: The Intravenous IgG Paradox,」 Journal of Experimental Medicine 204 (2007): 11–15. Arturo Casadevall, Ekaterina Dadachova, and Liise-Anne Pirofski, 「Passive Antibody Therapy for Infectious Diseases,」 Nature Reviews Microbiology 2 (2004): 695–703. Noah S. Scheinfeld, 「Intravenous Immunoglobulin,」 Medscape Reference, http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/210367- overview (accessed May 8, 2011).

2. John M. Dwyer, The Body at War: The Story of Our Immune System (Sydney, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1994), 28–52. S. Jane Flint, Lynn W. Enquist, Vincent R. Racaniello, and A. M. Skalka, Principles of Virology: Molecular Biology, Pathogenesis, and Control of Animal Viruses, Third Edition (Washington, D.C.: American Society of Microbiology, 2009), 86–130. Noel R. Rose and Ian R. Mackay, eds., The Autoimmune Diseases, Fourth Edition (St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier, 2006). Lauren Sompayrac, How the Immune System Works, Third Edition (Oxford: Blackwell, 2008). Massoud Mahmoudi, Immunology Made Ridiculously Simple (Miami: Med Master, 2009). Robert G. Lahita, Women and Autoimmune Disease: The Mysterious Ways Your Body Betrays Itself (New York: Morrow, 2004).

3. Vincent Racaniello, 「Innate Immune Defenses,」 Virology.ws, http://www.virology. ws/2009/06/03/innate-immune-defenses (accessed March 11, 2010). Vincent Racaniello, 「Adaptive Immune Defenses,」 Virology.ws, http://www.virology.ws/2009/07/03/adaptive-immune-defenses (accessed March 11, 2010).

4. Lauren Sompayrac, How the Immune System Works, Third Edition (Oxford: Blackwell, 2008). Massoud Mahmoudi, Immunology Made Ridiculously Simple (Miami: Med Master, 2009). Robert G. Lahita, Women and Autoimmune Disease: The Mysterious Ways Your Body Betrays Itself (New York: Morrow, 2004).

5. John M. Dwyer, The Body at War: The Story of Our Immune System (Sydney, Australia: Allen & Unwin,1994), 28–52. S. Jane Flint, Lynn W. Enquist, Vincent R. Racaniello, and A.M. Skalka, Principles of Virology: Molecular Biology, Pathogenesis, and Control of Animal Viruses, Third Edition (Washington, D.C.: American Society of Microbiology, 2009), 86–130. Noel R. Rose and Ian R. Mackay, eds., The Autoimmune Diseases: Fourth Edition (St. Louis: Elsevier, 2006). Lauren Sompayrac, How the Immune System Works, Third Edition (Oxford: Blackwell, 2008). Massoud Mahmoudi, Immunology Made Ridiculously Simple (Miami: Med Master, 2009). Robert G. Lahita, Women and Autoimmune Disease: The Mysterious Ways Your Body Betrays Itself (New York: Morrow, 2004).

6. Brendan T. Carroll, Christopher Thomas, Kameshwari Jayanti, John M. Hawkins, and Carrie Burbage, 「Treating Persistent Catatonia When Benzodiazepines Fail,」 Current Psychiatry 4 (2005): 59.





第26章 鐘錶


1. Janus Kremer, 「Clock Drawing in Dementia: A Critical Review,」 Revista Neurologica Argentina 27 (2002): 223–227.

2. Francesco Pavani, Elisabetta Ladavas, and Jon Driver, 「Auditory and Multisensory Aspects of Visuospatial Neglect,」 Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7 (2008): 407–414. V. S. Ramachandran and Sandra Blakeslee, Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mys- teries of the Human Mind (New York: Morrow, 1998), 115–125. V. S. Ramachandran, The Tell-Tale Brain: A Neuroscientist’s Quest for What Makes Us Human (New York: Norton, 2011), 1–21. Michael O’Shea, The Brain: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005). Rita Carter, Susan Aldridge, Martyn Page, and Steve Parker, The Human Brain Book (London: DK Adult, 2009). Stephen G. Waxman, Clinical Neuroanatomy, Twenty-Sixth Edition (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010).

3. V. S. Ramachandran and Sandra Blakeslee, Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind (New York: Morrow, 1998), 118.





第28章 影子拳手


1. Davis Lab, 「History of the Blood Brain Barrier,」 University of Arizona, http://davislab.med.arizona.edu/content/ history-blood-brain-barrier (accessed April 23, 2011).

2. Julia C. Buckingham, 「Glucocorticoids: Exemplars of Multi-Tasking,」 British Journal of Pharmacology 147 (2006): S258—S268. Mayo Clinic Staff, 「Prednisone and Other Cortico- steroids: Balance the Risks and Benefits,」 MayoClinic.com, http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/steriods/HQ01431 (accessed May 8, 2011). Peter J. Barnes, 「How Corticosteroids Control Inflammation: Quintiles Prize Lecture 2005,」 British Journal of Pharmacology 148 (2006): 245–254.





第29章 達爾瑪病


1. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 「NINDS Paraneoplastic Syndrome Information Page,」 National Institutes of Health, http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/ paraneoplastic/paraneoplastic.htm (accessed March 2, 2011). Roberta Vitaliani, Warren Mason, Beau Ances, Theodore Zwerdling, Zhilong Jiang, and Josep Dalmau, 「Paraneoplastic Encephalitis, Psychiatric Symptoms, and Hypoventilation in Ovarian Teratomas,」 Annals of Neurology 58 (2005): 594–604.

2. David J. Linden, The Accidental Mind: How Brain Evolution Has Given Us Love, Memory, Dreams and God (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007), 107–144. Fei Li and Joe Z. Tsien, 「Memory and NMDA Receptors,」 New England Journal of Medicine 361 (2009): 302–303.

3. Wade Roush, 「New Knockout Mice Point to Molecular Basis of Memory,」 Science 275 (1997), www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/molbio/restricted/knockbrain/BrainKO.html (accessed May 18, 2011). Zhenzhong Cui, Huimin Wang, Yuansheng Tan, Kimberly A. Zaia, Shuqin Zhang, and Joe Z. Tsein, 「Inducible and Reversible NR1 Knockout Reveals Crucial Role of the NMDA Receptor in Preserving Remote Memories in the Brain,」 Neuron 41 (2004): 781–793. Laure Rondi-Reig, Megan Libbey, Howard Eichenbaum, and Susumu Tonegawa, 「CA1-Specific NMDA Receptor Knockout Mice Are Deficient in Solving Nonspatial Transverse Patterning Task,」 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98 (2001): 3543–3548.

4. Josep Dalmau et al., 「Paraneoplastic Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis Associated with Ovarian Teratoma,」 Annals of Neurology 61 (2007): 25–36.





第31章 真相大白


1. Josep Dalmau et al., 「Clinical Experience and Laboratory Investigations in Patients with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis,」 Lancet Neurology 10 (2011): 63–74.

2. Josep Dalmau et al., 「Clinical Experience and Laboratory Investigations in Patients with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis,」 Lancet Neurology 10 (2011): 63–74.

3. Elizabeth Svoboda,「Monster Tumors Show Scientific Potential in War against Cancer,」 New York Times, June 6, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/06/ health/06tera.html (accessed May 1, 2011).





第33章 回家


1. Josep Dalmau et al., 「Clinical Experience and Laboratory Investigations in Patients with Anti- NMDAR Encephalitis,」 Lancet Neurology 10 (2011): 63–74.





第34章 加利福尼亞之夢


1. T. J. Hamblin, 「Apheresis Therapy: Spin-Drying the Blood,」 British Medical Journal 285 (1982): 1136–1137. Dianne M. Cearlock and David Gerteisen, 「Therapeutic Plasmapheresis for Autoimmune Diseases: Advances and Outcomes,」 Medical Laboratory Observer, November 2010, http://www.mlo-online.com/articles/nov00.pdf (accessed May 2011).





第39章 正常範圍內


1. Rhawn Joseph, Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, Clinical Neuroscience (Orlando, Fla.: Academic Press, 2000), http://brainmind.com/Agnosia.html.





第40章 傘


1. Michael O’Shea, The Brain: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005). Rita Carter, Susan Aldridge, Martyn Page, and Steve Parker, The Human Brain Book (London: DK Adult, 2009).

2. 「My Lobotomy: Henry Dully’s Journey,」 All Things Considered, NPR.org, November 16, 2005, http://www.npr.org/templates/ story/story.php?storyId=5014080 (accessed May 13, 2011). Shanna Freeman, 「How Lobotomies Work,」 HowStuffWorks.com, http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/lobotomy3.htm (accessed May 13, 2011).





第43章 NDMA


1. Lisa Sanders, 「Diagnosis: Brain Drain,」 New York Times Magazine, November 9, 2008, http:// query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C05E7DA1F3BF93AA35752 C1A96E9C8B63.





第47章 驅魔人


1. Guillaume Sebire et al., 「Coma Associated with Intense Bursts of Abnormal Movements and Long-Lasting Cognitive Disturbances: An Acute Encephalopathy of Obscure Origin,」 Journal of Pediatrics 121 (1992): 845–851.

2. Robert G. Delong et al.,「Acquired Reversible Autistic Syndrome in Acute Encephalopathic Illness in Children,」 Child Neurology 38 (1981): 191–194.

3. Josep Dalmau et al.,「Clinical Experience and Laboratory Investigations in Patients with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis,」 Lancet Neurology 10 (2011): 63–74.

4. Emily Bregel, 「Chattanooga: Teen Has ‘Miraculous’ Recovery from an Unusual Tumor Disorder,」 TimesFreePress.com, June 11, 2009, http://timesfreepress.com/ news/2009/jun/11/chattanooga-teen-has-miraculous-recovery-unusual- t/?local.

5. Guillaume Sebire, 「In Search of Lost Time: From Demonic Possession to Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis,」 Annals of Neurology 66 (2009): 11–8. Nicole R. Florance and Josep Dalmau, 「Reply to: In Search of Lost Time: From ‘Demonic Possession to Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis,’」 Annals of Neurology 67 (2010): 142–143.

6. Souhel Najjar, D. Pearlman, D. Zagzag,J. Golfinos, and O. Devinsky, 「Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibody Syndrome Presenting as Schizophrenia,」 Neurologist 18 (2012): 88–91.

7. David Leonhardt, 「Why Doctors So Often Get It Wrong,」 New York Times, February 22, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/22/business/22leonhardt.html.





第48章 倖存者的負罪感


1. American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association and National Coalition of Autoimmune Patient Groups, 「The Cost Burden of Autoimmune Disease: The Latest Front in the War on Healthcare Spending」 (Eastpointe, Mich.: American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association, 2011). Autoimmune Diseases Coordinating Committee, 「Autoimmune Diseases Research」 (Bethesda, Md.: National Institutes of Health, March 2005).

2. Gwen Adshead, 「Psychological Therapies for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder,」 British Journal of Psychiatry 177 (2000): 144–148.





第50章 狂喜


1. Josep Dalmau et al., 「Clinical Experience and Laboratory Investigations in Patients with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis,」 Lancet Neurology 10 (2011): 63–74.





第51章 飛行風險？


1. Hannah L. Morgan, Danielle C. Turner, Philip R. Corlett, Anthony R. Absalom, Ram Adapa, Fernando S. Arana, Jennifer Pigott, Jenny Gardner, Jessica Everitt, Patrick Haggard,and Paul C. Fletcher, 「Exploring the Impact of Ketamine on the Experi- ence of Illusory Body Ownership,」 Biological Psychiatry 69, no. 1 (2011): 35–41.

2. Sharon Begley, 「The Schizophrenic Mind,」 Newsweek, March 11, 2002, www.newsweek.com/2002/03/10/the-schizophrenic-mind.print.html (accessed April 21, 2011). Dominic H. Ffytche, 「The Hodology of a Hallucinations,」 Cortex 44 (2008): 1067–1083.

3. Philip D. Harvey et al., 「Cortical and Subcortical Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia: Convergence of Classifications Based on Language and Memory Skill Areas,」 Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 24 (2002): 55–66. Carol A. Tamminga, Ana D. Stan, and Anthony D. Wagner, 「The Hippocampal Formation in Schizophrenia,」 American Journal of Psychiatry 167 (2010): 1178–1193. Daphna Shohamy, Perry Mihalakos, Ronald Chin, Binu Thomas, Anthony D. Wagner, and Carol Tamminga, 「Learning and Generalization in Schizo- phrenia: Effects of Disease and Antipsychotic Drug Treatment,」 Biological Psychiatry 67 (2010): 926–932.

4. Michael O’Shea, The Brain: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005). Rita Carter, Susan Aldridge, Martyn Page, and Steve Parker, The Human Brain Book (London: DK Adult, 2009). Elizabeth A. Phelps and Tali Sharot, 「How (and Why) Emotion Enhances Subjective Sense of Recollection,」 Current Directions in Psychological Sciences 17 (2008): 147–152, http://www.psych.nyu.edu/phelpslab/ papers/08_CDPS_V17No2_147.pdf. Joseph E. LeDoux, 「Emotion Cir- cuits in the Brain,」 Annual Reviews of Neuroscience 23 (2000): 155–185.

5. Jesse Rissman and Anthony D. Wagner, 「Distributed Representations in Memory: Insights from Functional Brain Imaging,」 Annual Review of Psychology 63 (2012): 101–128. Richard C. Mohs, 「How Human Memory Works,」 HowStuffWorks.com, http:// science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/human- memory.htm.

6. William Saletan, 「The Memory Doctor: The Future of False Memories,」 Slate.com, June 4, 2010, http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/the_memory_doctor/2010/06/the_ memory_doctor.single.html.

7. Greg Miller, 「How Our Brains Make Memories,」 Smithsonian, May 2010, http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/How-Our-Brains-Make-Memories.html. 「Big Think Interview with Joseph LeDoux,」 BigThink.com, June 9, 2010, http://bigthink.com/ josephledoux.